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St. Olufs Cemetery
St. Oluf Cemetery (Danish: ''Sankt Olufs Kirkegård'') is a small public park and one of 5 protected scheduled monuments in central Aarhus, Denmark. The park is situated by the coast in Midtbyen, in the Latin Quarter, bounded by ''kystvejen'' and ''St. Olufs Stræde''. The Bay of Aarhus and the Docklands lie to the East, the historical city center to the West and Nørre Stenbro to the North. It is a municipal park, managed by the Nature and Environment department (Danish: ''Natur og Miljø'') of Aarhus Municipality. The park is named after Norwegian king and saint Olaf II and the St. Oluf Church that used to be situated here.
St. Oluf Cemetery functions as a recreational area for locals. The cemetery has not been in use since the early 19th century, but 11 graves from the 17th and 18th centuries are still maintained in the northern section. The park is decorated with trees, bushes and crocus and the outline of the former St. Oluf Church is marked in the grassy areas, with ceramic plates of red sandstone.
== History ==
St. Oluf Church is mentioned for the first time in a letter from 14 November 1203 by bishop Peder Vognsen. The church was situated outside the Viking Age ramparts, prominently by the coastline and isolated from other structures. In 1548, the church collapsed and the congregation was moved to the cathedral, which had been completed in 1300. In 1637, a chapel was constructed on the former site of the church and the cemetery was again in use until 1768, when the chapel was demolished again. In 1897, the cemetery was given over to a local charitable organization, looking to beautify areas in the city and it was maintained as a fenced garden until 1938, when Aarhus Municipality took over responsibility for the cemetery. In the early 1950s, archaeological excavations revealed the former church. The cemetery was last changed in 1953, when the iron fence was removed and the church ruin was marked with stones. On 20 September 1969, the cemetery and church ruin became a scheduled ancient monument and protected from any future change.
In the late 17th century, the section of the cemetery along the coast was more than twice the size of the current area, suggesting that the sanctified graveyard area was quite large, but that it has since been reduced by residential developments on the side running along Mejlgade. The southern border was established in 1767 when St. Olufs Street was lengthened to the coast over the southern section of the cemetery. Archaeological excavations of the church ruin and historical records, suggests the cemetery and the coast, extended further east. In the 17th century, records show that skeletal remains were frequently washed into the sea, but in 1624 a bulwark is mentioned in connection with a flooding. During expansion of the Cathedral School in the 1760s, stones were collected on the beaches, contributing significantly to later erosion. The problems with flooding and erosion persisted into the 1870s, when ''Kystvejen'' was developed and the coastline was finally properly secured.〔
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